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-Have you ever been to Moscow?
-Yes, I have been there twice.
-What is your impression of the city?
-It is large and noisy on the one hand, but really beautiful on the other hand. There are many parks, wonderful buildings and churches. But the traffic is very heavy. Passengers in the underground are packed like sardines. The prices are higher than here.
-When was the capital founded?
-The first settlement appeared many centuries ago, but 1147 is accepted by the historians as the year of the foundation of Moscow. It was reinforced by Prince Dmitry Dolgoruky.
-What monuments in Moscow do you know?
- There are many monuments to famous people. The Tsar Bell and the Tsar Cannon are monuments to the skillful Russian craftsmen who cast such enormous pieces. The monument to Minin and Pozharsky, the organizers of the struggle against the Polish invaders at the beginning of the 17th century. The monument to Pushkin and his wife Natalie stands in Arbat where they lived right after their marriage (Arbat, 53). There are monuments to Chekhov (it is against the building of the Moscow Art Academic Theatre named after A.P. Chekhov), to Pushkin (in Pushkin square), to Krylov and the characters of his fables (Monkey, Elephant and Pug-dog), to Peter the First, M.I. Kutuzov (who gave Moscow to Napoleon to save the lives of Russian soldiers in order to continue the struggle against the French troops), to Lomonosov (in front of the State University, organized on his initiative) and to Yury Dolgoruky (against Mayer's residence).
-What can you say about the Red Square?
-The Red Square is the heart of Moscow. It was formed in the 15th century and named «the Red Square» because of its beauty (at that time «red» meant «beautiful»). Since the 16th century it has been used for parades and ceremonies. The Cathedral of Basil the Blessed was erected in the 16th century and since then has been a jewel of Russian architecture. The monument to Minin and Pozharsky was opened in 1818, right after the reconstruction of the Red Square after the Fire of 1812. In the 19th century the building of the Historical Museum was constructed. During 1924-1930 the Lenin's Mausoleum was being built near the Kremlin wall. The Red Square is the point from which all distances in Russia are measured. It is also the place for official ceremonies and parades.
-What places of interest on the territory of the Kremlin do you know?
-The Cathedrals of Assumption, of Annunciation, of Archangels, of Twelve Apostles. There are Oruzheynaya Palata, the Granovitaya Palata (where war victories were celebrated) and others.
- What can you tell about the Kremlin?
-The Kremlin as walls and towers of white stone was erected in 1367. In 1485- 1 495 it was rebuilt in red brick. The towers of the Kremlin assumed their present look in the 17th century.
- What can you say about the State Tretyakov Gallery?
- There you can see the best examples of Russian art. There are 7 main departments in the museums - Painting and Sculpture of the XVIII-first half of the XIX centuries, Painting and Sculpture of the second half of the XIX century, Painting and Sculpture of the border between the XIX and the XX centuries, Drawings, the Treasure-House Ancient Russian Art and Temple-Museum. There you can see the famous portrait of Pushkin by Kyprensky, the self-portrait by Brullov, the «Appearance of Christ» by Ivanov, the «Unequal Marriage» by Pukirev, many landscapes by Savrasov, Kumdgy, Shishkin, Levitan, seascapes by Aivasovsky famous canvases by Vasnetsov («Alyonushka», «The Bogatyrs») Suricov, Repm, Polenov, Vrubel, RSrikh. The gallery was started as a private collection, but afterwards granted to the State.
- Why did Moscow seize being the capital in 1712?
- Peter the Great moved the capital to the newly-built St-Petersburg which had been constructed as a European city with the participation of many famous architects. Peter did not like Moscow because of the so called «Old Order», the old way of life in Moscow. He wanted to reform the style of life as well as the architecture and the design of dresses.
- Why was Moscow made the capital after the October Revolution?
-After the Revolution St-Petersburg was too close to Finland (which chose to be an independent state after the Revolution) and could be easily conquered. The young Soviet state would be in great danger in this case That’s why it was moved back to Moscow.
- What is Arbat?
- It is a street in Moscow with many adjoining lanes. Since 1986 the street has been open for pedestrians only. Here one can see all architectural styles. In this street you can see many houses famous for the writers, painters and other celebrities who used to live there, and some
monuments. Arbat is the place for informal sinaers painter, and other people interested in non-conformist art.
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